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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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syria.3
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Government
Long-form name: Syrian Arab Republic.
Type: republic; under leftwing military regime since March 1963.
Capital: Damascus.
Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (muhafazat, singular--
muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah,
As Suwayda, Dara, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims,
Idlib, Madinat Dimashq, Tartus.
Independence: 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate
under French administration); formerly United Arab Republic.
Constitution: 13 March 1973.
Legal system: based on Islamic law and civil law system;
special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction.
National holiday: National Day, 17 April (1946).
Executive branch: president, three vice presidents, prime
minister, three deputy prime ministers, Council of Ministers
(cabinet).
Legislative branch: unicameral People's Council (Majlis ash Shaab).
Judicial branch: Supreme Constitutional Court, High Judicial
Council, Court of Cassation, State Security Courts.
Leaders:
Chief of State--President Lt. Gen. Hafiz al-ASSAD (since 22 February
1971); Vice Presidents Abd al-Halim KHADDAM, Dr. Rifat al-ASSAD,
and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 March 1984);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Mahmud ZUBI (since 1 November
1987); Deputy Prime Minister Lt. Gen. Mustafa TALAS (since
11 March 1984).
Political parties and leaders: ruling party is the Arab
Socialist Resurrectionist (Bath) Party; the Progressive
National Front is dominated by Bathists but includes independents
and members of the Syrian Arab Socialist Party (ASP), Arab
Socialist Union (ASU), Socialist Unionist Movement, and
Syrian Communist Party (SCP).
Suffrage: universal at age 18.
Elections:
President--last held 10-11 February 1985 (next to be held February
1992); results--President Hafiz al-Assad was reelected without
opposition;
People's Council--last held 10-11 February 1986 (next to
be held 22 May 1990); results--Bath 66%, ASU 5%, SCP 5%,
Socialist Unionist Movement 4%, ASP 2%, independents 18%;
seats--(195 total) Bath 129, Communist 9, ASU 9, Socialiist
Unionist Movement 8, ASP 5, independents 35; the People's
Council will have 250 seats total in the 22 May 1990 election.
Communists: mostly sympathizers, numbering about 5,000.
Other political or pressure groups: non-Bath parties have little
effective political influence; Communist party ineffective;
greatest threat to Assad regime lies in factionalism in the
military; conservative religious leaders; Muslim Brotherhood.
Member of: Arab League, CCC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
IDA, IDB--Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC--International
Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO,
WMO, WSG, WTO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Walid Mu'allim; Chancery
at 2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone
(202) 232-6313; US--Ambassador Edward P. DJEREJIAN; Embassy
at Abu Rumaneh, Al Mansur Street No.2, Damascus (mailing
address is P.O. Box 29, Damascus); telephone [963] (11)
333052 or 332557, 330416, 332814, 332315.
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and
black with two small green five-pointed stars in a horizontal
line centered in the white band; similar to the flags of
the YAR which has one star and Iraq which has three stars
(in a horizontal line centered in the white band)--all green
and five-pointed; also similar to the flag of Egypt which
has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band.